Urologic Conditions
Female Conditions
Female Urologic Health
Female urologic health focuses on the structure, function, and well-being of the urinary system as it relates to women across all stages of life. This includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and the complex interactions these organs have with the pelvic floor, reproductive system, hormones, and overall health. Because female anatomy and physiology are distinct,...
Female Urologic Health
Female urologic health focuses on the structure, function, and well-being of the urinary system as it relates to women across all stages of life. This includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and the complex interactions these organs have with the pelvic floor, reproductive system, hormones, and overall health. Because female anatomy and physiology are distinct,...
Pelvic Floor Reconstructive Surgery
Pelvic floor reconstructive surgery is a group of surgical procedures designed to restore normal anatomy, support, and function to the pelvic floor. The pelvic floor is a complex network of muscles, ligaments, and connective tissues that support the bladder, uterus, vagina, and rectum. When these structures weaken or are damaged—often due to childbirth, aging, menopause,...
Post Menopausal Atrophy (Mona Lisa Laser System)
Postmenopausal atrophy—now often called genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)—is common after estrogen levels decline. Thinning of the vaginal and vulvar tissues can lead to dryness, burning, itching, pain with intercourse, spotting, recurrent urinary discomfort, and changes in overall vaginal health. First-line care often includes moisturizers, lubricants, pelvic floor support, and—when appropriate—local vaginal estrogen or other...
Dyspareunia (Mona Lisa Laser System)
Dyspareunia is the medical term for pain during sexual intercourse. The pain can happen before, during, or after sex and may feel sharp, burning, aching, or deep pressure. It can occur at the vaginal opening (superficial dyspareunia) or deeper inside the pelvis (deep dyspareunia). The MonaLisa Touch laser system is a non-surgical, minimally invasive treatment...
Male Conditions
Prostate Enlargement (BPH)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly prevalent, age-related condition characterized by nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate that leads to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men. Management has evolved toward a patient-centered, evidence-based approach that balances symptom severity, prostate size, comorbidities, and patient preferences. Initial evaluation includes a focused history, symptom assessment using validated...
Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer screening and treatment continue to evolve as evidence grows and emphasis shifts toward balancing early detection with avoidance of overtreatment. Screening primarily aims to identify clinically significant prostate cancer while minimizing unnecessary biopsies and treatment-related morbidity. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, combined with digital rectal examination, remains the foundation of screening. Current best practice...
Collapse Vasectomies
Vasectomies are a safe, effective, and permanent method of male contraception, widely used worldwide. It involves interruption of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from entering the ejaculate, resulting in sterility without affecting testosterone production, erectile function, libido, or ejaculation volume. Modern vasectomy techniques emphasize minimal invasiveness, rapid recovery, and high patient satisfaction. Preoperative counseling...
Men’s Health and Sexual Function
Sexual dysfunction—most commonly erectile dysfunction (ED), ejaculatory disorders, low libido, and hypogonadism—often reflects broader health issues, making the urologist uniquely positioned to provide both treatment and early detection of systemic disease. Evaluation begins with a thorough, respectful history that normalizes discussion of sexual concerns and explores onset, severity, and psychosocial factors. Validated questionnaires can help...
Both Male and Female Conditions
State of Art Management and Surgery for Stone Disease
State-of-the-art management of urinary stone disease has shifted toward precision, prevention, and minimally invasive treatment tailored to stone burden, anatomy, and patient goals. Initial evaluation emphasizes risk stratification: noncontrast CT remains the most accurate diagnostic test, while ultrasound is favored in pregnancy and for many follow-ups to reduce radiation exposure. Acute management prioritizes symptom control...
Urologic Cancer Screenings
Cancer screening for urologic conditions plays a critical role in early detection, risk stratification, and shared decision-making, with strategies tailored to cancer type, patient risk factors, and life expectancy. The most established screening paradigm is for prostate cancer, where prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing—combined with digital rectal examination in selected patients—can identify clinically significant disease at...
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary incontinence is the unintentional leakage of urine. It’s a common condition that affects people of all ages, though it becomes more frequent as we get older. While it can feel embarrassing or frustrating, urinary incontinence is a medical issue, and in most cases it’s very treatable. There are several types of urinary incontinence. Stress...
Overactive Bladder
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition that causes a sudden, frequent urge to urinate that can be difficult to control. Some people may also experience urge incontinence (leakage before reaching the bathroom), frequent daytime urination, or waking multiple times at night to urinate. While OAB is more common with aging, it can affect adults...
Sacral Neuromodulation
Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an established, minimally invasive therapy used to treat a variety of chronic urologic conditions when conservative treatments such as behavioral therapy or medications have failed. Most commonly, SNM is indicated for overactive bladder, urinary urgency and frequency, urge urinary incontinence, and non-obstructive urinary retention. The therapy works by delivering mild electrical...
Tibial Neuromodulation – Percutaneous & Implanted Options
Tibial neuromodulation is a minimally invasive therapy used to manage several lower urinary tract disorders, including overactive bladder, urinary urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence. The technique works by stimulating the posterior tibial nerve near the ankle, which shares spinal pathways (S2–S4) with the bladder and pelvic floor. By modulating these neural circuits, tibial neuromodulation helps...
Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery for Urologic Conditions
Minimally invasive robotic surgery has transformed the way many urologic conditions are treated, offering patients precise, effective care with faster recovery times. Using advanced robotic platforms, surgeons can perform complex procedures through small incisions while maintaining exceptional control and visualization. This approach is now commonly used across urology for both cancerous and non-cancerous conditions. Robotic-assisted...
Pediatric Conditions
Pediatric Penile Anomalies
Pediatric penile anomalies are congenital (present at birth) or developmental conditions that affect the structure, appearance, or function of the penis in infants and children. These anomalies range from mild and primarily cosmetic differences to more complex conditions that can affect urination, future sexual function, or psychological well-being. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical evaluation are...
Complex Pediatric Hypospadias Repair
Complex pediatric hypospadias repair refers to advanced surgical reconstruction performed in children born with severe or previously treated forms of hypospadias. Hypospadias is a congenital condition in which the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. In complex cases, the condition is often accompanied by...
Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
Pediatric vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into one or both ureters and sometimes up to the kidneys. Normally, urine travels in a one-way direction from the kidneys to the bladder, aided by a valve-like mechanism at the junction of the ureter and bladder. In children with...
Pediatric Bladder Dysfunction
Pediatric bladder dysfunction refers to a group of conditions in which a child has difficulty storing or emptying urine appropriately for their age. It is relatively common in childhood and can significantly affect physical health, emotional well-being, and quality of life. Bladder dysfunction is often functional rather than structural, meaning the urinary tract anatomy is...
Pediatric Robotic Surgery for Urologic Conditions
Pediatric robotic surgery has transformed the treatment of many urologic conditions, offering children minimally invasive options that were once managed with large open incisions. Using advanced robotic platforms, surgeons operate through small ports while controlling highly precise instruments and a magnified three-dimensional camera. This combination allows for exceptional accuracy in delicate pediatric anatomy, where millimeters...